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The Central Military Commission (CMC) () refers to the parallel national defense organizations of the Communist Party of China and the People's Republic of China: the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China (, a state organ) and the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (, a party organ). The command and control of the People's Liberation Army (Chinese armed forces) is exercised in name by the 'State CMC', supervised by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The State CMC is nominally considered the supreme military policy-making body and its chairman, elected by the National People's Congress, is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. In reality, command and control of the PLA, however, still resides with the Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee—the 'Party CMC'. Both commissions are identical in membership, thus actually forming one identical institution under two different names (called ), in order to fit in both state government and party systems. Both commissions are currently chaired by Xi Jinping. The 11-man commission issues directives relating to the PLA, including senior appointments, troop deployments and arms spending. Almost all the members are senior generals, but the most important posts have always been held by the party's most senior leaders to ensure absolute loyalty of the armed forces and to ensure the survival of the regime.〔BBC, ("How China is Ruled: Military Affairs Commission" ), accessed 05-6-2010〕 The CMC is housed in the Ministry of National Defense compound ("August 1st Building") in western Beijing. == History == The party military committee dates back to October 1925, and while operating under various degrees of authority and responsibility, was consistently named the Central Military Affairs Commission (中共中央军事委员会, ''Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Jūnshì Wěiyuánhuì''). Among Western commentators, “Affairs” is frequently dropped from the title.〔(The Pinnacle of the Pyramid: The Central Military Commission ), Chapter 3, p. 97 (archive )〕 As a commission, it ranks higher in the party hierarchy than departments such as the Organization or United Front Departments. In 1937 the Revolutionary Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee (中共中央革命军事委员会, ''Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Gémìng Jūnshì Wěiyuánhuì'') was created after the Chinese Soviet Republic's Chinese Red Army were integrated into the Kuomintang's army for the anti-Japanese war, and it later evolved into the Central Military Commission after the Party's 7th Congress in 1945. In this period, the Committee was always chaired by Mao Zedong. In the September 1949 reorganization, military leadership was transferred to a government body, the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People's Government (中央人民政府人民革命军事委员会, ''Zhōngyāng Rénmínzhèngfǔ Rénmín Gémìngjūnshì Wěiyuánhuì''). The final coexistence of two military committees was set in 1954, as the CPC Central Military Commission was re-established, while State military authority rested into a National Defense Council of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国国防委员会, ''Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guófáng Wěiyuánhuì'') chaired by the President in keeping with the 1954 Constitution. As Mao Zedong was also the Chairman of the Communist Party of China and led military affairs as a whole, the CMC and NDC's day-to-day work was carried out by its first-ranking vice-chairman, a post which was occupied by Lin Biao until his death in 1971, then by Ye Jianying. As a consequence of the Cultural Revolution, the Party CMC became the sole military overseeing body, and the National Defence Council was abolished in 1975. Deng Xiaoping's efforts to institutionally separate the Party and the State led to the establishment of today’s State CMC, which was created in 1982 by the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in order to formalize the role of the military within the government structure. Both the National Defense Commission and State CMC have been described as 'consultative' bodies.〔 Contrarily to the National Defense Commission, however, the Party and State CMCs are almost identical in leadership, composition and powers. The Commission included the post of secretary-general until 1992. This post was held by Yang Shangkun (1945–1954), Huang Kecheng (1954–1959), Luo Ruiqing (1959–1966), Ye Jianying (1966–1977), Luo Ruiqing (1977–1979), Geng Biao (1979–1981), Yang Shangkun (1981–1989), Yang Baibing (1989–1992). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Central Military Commission (China)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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